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Les enjeux cruciaux du rôle de l'océan dans le changement climatique ont été soulignés depuis longtemps déjà lors des conférences des Nations Unies. L'auteur, chercheur universitaire, propose dans ce cadre une réflexion nouvelle sur les plus récentes connaissances dans les domaines des Sciences de l'Océan et du Climat. Cette introduction synthétique à la Dynamique des Océans et du Climat se décline en deux tomes. Les marées océaniques, la circulation générale des océans, le Gulf Stream, la circulation thermohaline, les océans polaires, les tourbillons océaniques et les jets équatoriaux forment le matériau de base du tome 1 « Océans ». Le tome 2 « Climat » replace l'océan dans ses interactions avec l'atmosphère (et les glaces). La dynamique de l'atmosphère, la variabilité naturelle du climat, les climats du passé, le cycle du carbone, le lien entre le réchauffement climatique et la croissance actuelle des gaz à effets de serre sont abordés avec le même souci de simplicité et d'unité. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux étudiants en Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, en Océanographie, en Météorologie, en Physique et en Mathématiques, les outils nécessaires selon les parcours étant rappelés dans des annexes. Les passionnés par la mer, le climat et ceux qui veulent participer aux enjeux d'adaptation des sociétés humaines au changement climatique sans se laisser enfermer par des raisonnements simplistes y trouveront les notions et références scientifiques indispensables.

SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Hydrology.

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On March 13, 1989, the entire Quebec power grid collapsed, automatic garage doors in California suburbs began to open and close without apparent reason, and microchip production came to a halt in the Northeast; in space, communications satellites had to be manually repointed after flipping upside down, and pressure readings on hydrogen tank supplies on board the Space Shuttle Discovery peaked, causing NASA to consider aborting the mission. What was the cause of all these seemingly disparate events? Sten Odenwald gives convincing evidence of the mischievous-and potentially catastrophic-power of solar storms and the far-reaching effects of the coming "big one" brewing in the sun and estimated to culminate in the twenty-third cycle in the year 2001 and beyond. When the sun undergoes its cyclic "solar maximum," a time when fierce solar flares and storms erupt, fantastic auroras will be seen around the world. But the breathtaking spectacles will herald a potentially disastrous chain of events that merit greater preparation than Y2K. Is anyone listening?The 23rd Cycle traces the previously untold history of solar storms and the ways in which they were perceived by astronomers-and even occasionally covered up by satellite companies. Punctuated with an insert containing dramatic color images showing the erupting sun, the book also includes a history of the record of auroral sightings, accounts of communications blackouts from the twentieth century, a list of industries sensitive to solar storms, and information about radiation and health issues.

Solar activity --- SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology. --- Solar radiation --- Stellar activity --- Environmental aspects. --- Environmental aspects

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Of the Omega-theory -- Introduction -- I. Cosserat continuum theory of faulting -- Cosserat continuum -- The multiple-slip mechanism of plastic Cosserat deformation -- Stress along the faults -- Wedge faulting: the L2 kinematics -- Parallel fault and parallel wedge interactions: the Gamma-scheme -- Båth's Law and the Cosserat extension of the Reid rebound model -- II. Introduction to the Omega-theory -- Omega-sequences -- Omega-cells: "seismic oscillators" -- Omori's Law -- Felzer-Brodsky's Law -- Strain waves and conservation laws -- Phase transitions -- Gutenberg-Richter's Law -- What causes earthquakes? -- III. Systems, plate tectonics, and order -- Omega-interactions -- Critical behavior: large earthquakes can be predicted -- Supercritical behavior: aftershock sequences -- The B-spectral theorem and the synchronized earth -- Quantum numbers of earthquakes: seismic back action and reverse causality -- Seismic induction and the theory of plate tectonics -- Earthquakes as computation: origin of order -- IV. Seismic chaos synchronizations -- T-synchronizations: predicting future seismic states of the earth -- M-synchronizations: the B-megasignal and large earthquakes -- S-synchronizations: the reciprocity theorem and the failure localization law -- Maximum effectiveness of predictions: -1 rule -- Open systems -- Further observations on S-synchronizations -- V. Strain waves, plate tectonics, and the loop theorem -- Description of seismic states -- Epicenter production: Turbal's principle -- Structure of the aftershock sequences -- Synchronizations and fault reactivations -- Predictability of volcanic eruptions -- Strain waves at the tectonic plates boundaries -- Origin of plate tectonics: the loop theorem.

Seismology. --- Earthquakes. --- Geophysics. --- SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Geography. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Quakes (Earthquakes) --- Earth movements --- Natural disasters --- Seismology --- Seismography --- Geophysics --- Earthquakes

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Water is fundamental to all life. From the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, to the extreme water shortages that have struck California in recent years, modern societies often take its abundance for granted until it unexpectedly becomes scarce. Drought is one of the many problems anthropogenic climate change may exacerbate, but it is also a complex phenomenon at the intersection of a range of scientific disciplines and public policy issues. In this innovative book, Benjamin I. Cook brings together climate science, hydrology, and ecology to provide a synthetic overview of drought and its environmental and social consequences.Cook introduces readers to the hydroclimate and its components, explaining the global water cycle, the earth's climate system, and the distribution of water resources. He discusses drought dynamics and variability over time, the climatological context and ecological effects, and environmental issues such as desertification, land degradation, and groundwater depletion. He also considers the socioeconomic impacts of drought and the role of drought risk management policy, especially in light of how climate change is expected to affect drought risk and severity. Cook gives special attention to paleoclimate and the role of drought in the crises of ancient civilizations. A scientifically comprehensive and approachable overview of water issues throughout the world, Drought is a critical interdisciplinary text that will be essential reading for a broad range of students in earth science and environmental and sustainability studies.

Climatology. --- Droughts. --- SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology. --- Drought --- Drouth --- Drouths --- Weather --- Climate --- Climate science --- Climate sciences --- Science of climate --- Atmospheric science

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"Invisible in the Storm is the first book to recount the history, personalities, and ideas behind one of the greatest scientific successes of modern times--the use of mathematics in weather prediction. Although humans have tried to forecast weather for millennia, mathematical principles were used in meteorology only after the turn of the twentieth century. From the first proposal for using mathematics to predict weather, to the supercomputers that now process meteorological information gathered from satellites and weather stations, Ian Roulstone and John Norbury narrate the groundbreaking evolution of modern forecasting. The authors begin with Vilhelm Bjerknes, a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who in 1904 came up with a method now known as numerical weather prediction. Although his proposed calculations could not be implemented without computers, his early attempts, along with those of Lewis Fry Richardson, marked a turning point in atmospheric science. Roulstone and Norbury describe the discovery of chaos theory's butterfly effect, in which tiny variations in initial conditions produce large variations in the long-term behavior of a system--dashing the hopes of perfect predictability for weather patterns. They explore how weather forecasters today formulate their ideas through state-of-the-art mathematics, taking into account limitations to predictability. Millions of variables--known, unknown, and approximate--as well as billions of calculations, are involved in every forecast, producing informative and fascinating modern computer simulations of the Earth system. Accessible and timely, Invisible in the Storm explains the crucial role of mathematics in understanding the ever-changing weather"--

MATHEMATICS / History & Philosophy. --- MATHEMATICS / Calculus. --- MATHEMATICS / Differential Equations. --- NATURE / Weather. --- MATHEMATICS / Applied. --- SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology. --- Climatology --- Meteorology --- Climate --- Climate science --- Climate sciences --- Science of climate --- Atmospheric science --- Mathematical models. --- Data processing.